Plagiarism Check

Every manuscript is screened with anti-plagiarism software (Turnitin / iThenticate) at two points: upon submission and before production.

• Overall similarity threshold: maximum 20% after excluding references, verbatim quoted passages, and affiliations.
• Single-source similarity: maximum 5%.
• Above the threshold: the manuscript is returned to the author for rewriting, or rejected at the initial check when the breach is substantive.
• Self-plagiarism (recycling of one's own published text) is treated the same as plagiarism.

The screening report is an internal editorial attachment and may be shared with the author as feedback prior to the decision.